Chromosome translocation. Animation showing the molecular basis of the process of chromosome translocation. Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the cell nucleus that carry genetic information in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each chromosome consists of two strands (chromatids) joined in a region known as the centromere or kinetochore. Chromosomal translocation is where parts of a chromosome are swapped with another chromosome. Depending on the type of swap, this can result in extra or missing genes, and the effect can range from abnormality (mutation) to full functionality. The cutting of the chromosomes is shown being done by restriction enzymes.