18th century illustration of a male and female black-crowned tchagra (Tchagra senegalus), a bushshrike. This family of passerine birds is closely related to the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, and was once included in that group. This species is found in the Arabian peninsula and most of Africa in scrub, open woodland, semi-desert and cultivation. From Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux d'Afrique (Natural History of Birds of Africa), Volume 2, by Franeois Le Vaillant (1753-1824), published in Paris, France in 1799.