'Mosul, Chief Town of Al-Jezireh (Mesopotamia)', 1890. Mosul city on the Tigris river in Iraq, in late 9th century was seized by Turkish dynasts, in 893 came under the Abbasid Caliphate and in 10th century the Arab Hamdanid dynasty. .From "Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, Vol. III - The Middle Ages", by Edmund Ollier. [Cassell and Company, Limited, London, Paris and Melbourne, 1890. ]