The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the new Republican Parliament in 1922. This new regime delivered the coup de gr璽ce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped off the world stage following the First World War.

The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal (Atat羹rk) as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atat羹rk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924.

For the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atat羹rk's Reforms, which included the unification of education