Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire / Kishinev pogrom / AntisemitismThe cartoon shows the figure of a young woman; wearing a dress decorated with stars and a sash labeled "Columbia;" rebuking Czar Nicholas II of Russia; who appears embarrassed and dismayed. A poster shows several skulls and bones and reads "Kishenef -- Massacre of 400 Jews -- 700 Jewish Homes Looted -- Dead Left Bleeding in the Streets. Tirospol -- General Slaughter of Jews -- Young and Old Killed and Wounded." The cartoon also contains circles meant to hold photographs; marked "Ida Schoenfeld; Lizzie Kass; [and] Mininia Magskewsky[?]" Jews in Imperial Russia were subject to pograms or massacres in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Especially brutal were massacres in 1903 in Kishinev and Tirospol; now part of Moldova. They aroused widespread indignation in the United States. A petition signed by thousands of people in the United States was sent by the United States government to the Czar; but the Russian government refused to receive it.Drawing (ink over graphite underdrawing) by Homer Davenport (1867-1912).Washington; The Library of Congress.