Close-up of a fossil mammoth hipbone exhibiting a texture often referred to as spongiose (spongy). A framework like this matches strength with limited weight and is characteristic for the bones of most mammals, as well as birds and large fish. Mammoths are a now extinct member of the elephant family, of which the last species died in Northern European and Siberian territories around 5000 year ago. Actual size of this close up is 70 x 110 mm.