Fundoscopy image of the retina of the right eye of a female patient with papilloedema. Papilloedema is the congestion and swelling of the optic disc (left), the red circular region where the optic nerve enters the retina. The condition has resulted in bleeding from the retinal blood vessels around the optic disc. Papilloedema results from increased pressure within the skull, for instance from a cerebral tumour. It may also occur in malignant hypertension and occasionally in the later stages of chronic nephritis. Headache and nausea may occur, with short episodes of visual loss. Treatment is of the underlying cause.