By 1900 China had signed a number of treaties with the Western Powers (Britain, France, United States, Russia, and also Japan). Unequal treaty is the name given by the Chinese to these series of treaties signed with Western Powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China after military attacks or military threats by foreign powers. The term was also applied to treaties signed with Tokugawa Japan and to treaties imposed on Joseon Korea by the post-Meiji Restoration Empire of Japan.