3083348 Carta Pisano, 1090 (ink on parchment) by Italian School, (11th century); 28.7x19.6 cm; Free Library of Philadelphia; (add.info.: This leaf contains part of a sheet of accounts for the repair of a ship in Pisa, Italy. The sheet was later trimmed and reused as a flyleaf for the binding of a book. Parchment was commonly reused in this way. Someone attempted to erase the accounts but only succeeded in removing the bottom six lines. This folio contains the earliest extant example of written Tuscan, a dialect of Italian. The folio also represents the earliest example of an Italian document written entirely in the vernacular, as Latin was used almost exclusively for writing until the end of the twelfth century. The account includes amounts paid for timber, nails, tar, and craftsman\'s labor.); 穢 Free Library of Philadelphia ; Italian, out of copyright.