700708 The Empress Dowager Cixi with attendants in front of Paiyunmen, Summer Palace, Beijing, c.1905 (b/w photo) by Xun Ling (c.1880-1943); Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Archives, Smithsonian Institution, USA; (add.info.: Empress Dowager Cixi, or Empress Dowager Tzu-hsi (29 November 1835 ??15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic woman who unofficially but effectively controlled the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years, from 1861 to her death in 1908. From left to right: Second Chief Eunuch Cui Yugui, Empress Longyu, Junshou, Princess Der Ling (Deling), Cixi, Rongling, Fourth Princess, Yuanda Nainai, Lily, Louisa Pierson (Lady Yugeng) Cixi, Empress Dowager of China, 1835-1908); 穢 Freer Slacker Gallery ; Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Archives, Smithsonian Institution; Chinese, out of copyright.