PNP253843 John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) (b/w photo) by American Photographer, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: John Caldwell Calhoun, the \'Cast-iron man\' from South Carolina; primary intellectual architect of the short-lived Confederate States of America; seventh Vice President of the US; served in the United States Senate and US House of Representatives;); Peter Newark American Pictures; American, out of copyright.