Light micrograph of mycetoma. Mycetoma is a disease that is usually acquired through work in agriculture and generally affects men who contract the disease via grains of bacteria or fungal spores that have been discharged into the soil. There are two forms of mycetoma known to us; bacterial mycetoma (actinomycetoma) and fungal mycetoma (eumycetoma). It can be extremely difficult to differentiate between the two forms.