'First Mongol Raid (Hulagu), circa 1400 A.D.', c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the early 15th century: Byzantine, other Christian states, Bahri Mamluks, Ilkhans and Tributary states. Also showing Hulagu Khan's route, the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Persian Gulf. From "The Caliphs' Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col. Sir Mark Sykes. [Macmillan & Co, London, 1915]