Smallpox vaccination in Brazil. Woman being vaccinated against smallpox. The woman, who lives in a hut in the jungle, is being vaccinated against smallpox for the first time in her life as she does not have previous vaccination scars on her arms. Smallpox is an often-fatal disease caused by the Variola virus. In the late 1970s a worldwide immunisation program eradicated the disease, with the last outbreak being in 1977. It was declared extinct in 1980. Prior to this it killed millions of people each year. Photographed in Bahia, Brazil.