Childhood diseases, illustration. The diseases listed here, linked to the body parts they affect, are: meningitis (bacterial inflammation of brain membranes), otitis media (middle ear infection), tonsilitis (inflammation of the tonsils in the throat), croup (laryngotracheobronchitis, a viral infection of the trachea), pneumonia (bacterial infection of the lungs), urinary tract infection (UTI, affecting the bladder and urinary tract), surgery such as removal of the appendix (appendectomy), and joint and bone infection and inflammation such as septic arthritis and osteomyelitis (here affecting a hip).