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Colonel James Skinner holding a Regimental Durbar, 1827.Watercolour with gouache on European paper by Ghulam Ali Khan (fl 1817-1855), 1827.Inscribed in Nastaliq script lower left ?The work of Ghulam Ali Khan the painter, resident of the Seat of the Empire Shahjahanabad, it was completed in the Christian year 1827?Skinner, seated centre left, may be seen presiding over a durbar of his regiment, an occasion when any soldier was at liberty to raise with his commanding officer anything that concerned him. The holding of a durbar, when Skinner mixed freely with his soldiers and men, was a conscious re-creation of Afghan and Mughal military and ceremonial traditions, which gave his soldiers a corporate sense of their 'upward mobility' in the Company's service.The son of a Scottish officer of the Bengal Army and a Rajput girl whom he had captured during the war against the Raja of Benares, James Skinner's (1778-1841) military career commenced with eight years' service in the part European officered Maratha army. In 1803 when war broke out between the British and the Marathas he obliged to leave their service and after their defeat was made commander of 800 horsemen who joined the British. Such were the origins of what was to become the senior regiment of the Indian cavalry, Skinner's Horse (1st Duke of York's Own Cavalry). In 1827 the regiment was known as the 1st Regiment of Local Horse and had just been awarded the battle honour 'Bhurtpore' for its part in the reduction of the fortress at Bharatpur, Skinner himself being made a Companion of the Order of the Bath. Skinner was well aware that on more than one occasion, racial prejudice against Eurasion officers had interfered with his advancement in the Company's service - counterbalanced only by his employers' awareness of the important part he and his men played in their military build up, providing the light cavalry needed so urgently to fight the Pindaris and Marathas, and later settling conquered territory. In the latter role Skinner's ostensibly 'Irregular' soldiers became a permanent adjunct of the Company's 'state formation' in India.

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colonel james skinner holding regimental durbar 1827 watercolour gouache european paper ghulam ali khan fl 1817 1855 inscribed nastaliq script lower left work painter resident seat empire shahjahanabad completed christian year 1827skinner seated centre seen presiding over regiment occasion any soldier liberty raise commanding officer anything that concerned him mixed freely soldiers men conscious re creation afghan mughal military ceremonial traditions gave corporate sense upward mobility companys service son scottish bengal army rajput girl whom captured war against raja benares skinners 1778 1841 career commenced eight years part officered maratha 1803 broke out between british marathas obliged leave after defeat made commander 800 horsemen joined such origins become senior indian cavalry horse 1st duke yorks own known local just awarded battle honour bhurtpore reduction fortress bharatpur himself being companion order bath well aware more than one racial prejudice eurasion officers interfered advancement counterbalanced only employers awareness important played build up providing light needed urgently fight pindaris later settling conquered territory latter role ostensibly irregular permanent adjunct state formation india captain corps 1822 people culture asia the be of and a to in he it for with as on at by which who when so what history historical

1778 1803 1817 1822 1827 1827skinner 1st 800 1841 1855 a adjunct advancement afghan after against ali and any anything army as asia at awarded aware awareness bath battle be become being benares bengal between bharatpur bhurtpore british broke build by captain captured career cavalry centre ceremonial christian colonel commander commanding commenced companion companys completed concerned conquered conscious corporate corps counterbalanced creation culture defeat duke durbar eight empire employers eurasion european fight fl for formation fortress freely gave ghulam girl gouache he him himself historical history holding honour horse horsemen important in india indian inscribed interfered irregular it james joined just khan known later latter leave left liberty light local lower made maratha marathas men military mixed mobility more mughal nastaliq needed obliged occasion of officer officered officers on one only order origins ostensibly out over own painter paper part people permanent pindaris played prejudice presiding providing racial raise raja rajput re reduction regiment regimental resident role scottish script seat seated seen senior sense service settling shahjahanabad skinner skinners so soldier soldiers son state such territory than that the to traditions up upward urgently war watercolour well what when which who whom with work year years yorks

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