Caligula (12 - 41 AD) was Roman Emperor from 37 AD to 41 AD. Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. There are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign. Most sources focus on his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual perversity, presenting him as an insane tyrant. The reliability of these sources has increasingly been called into question, but it is known that during his reign, he worked to increase the personal power of the emperor. He initiated the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus but directed most of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. Caligula was assassinated as the result of a conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard and members of the Roman Senate and Imperial court. One of a set of twelve engravings of Roman emperors on horseback, Netherlands, 17th century.