Ragnar Arthur Granit (October 30, 1900 - March 12, 1991) was a Finnish-Swedish physiologist. He graduated in 1927 from the University of Helsinki, Finland. When Finland became the target of a Soviet attack in 1940 during the Winter War, he sought refuge in Sweden. He received Swedish citizenship, which made it possible for him to go on with his work and live without having to worry about the war, which lasted until 1945. He was professor of neurophysiology at the Karolinska Institutet from 1946 to his retirement in 1967. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 along with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye". He said that his Nobel prize belongs fifty-fifty to Finland and Sweden. Granit died in 1991 at the age of 91.