Jacques Loeb (1859-1924) was a German-born American physiologist and marine biologist. Educated in Europe he was offered a position at the University of Chicago as assistant professor of physiology and experimental biology, becoming associate professor in 1895, and professor of physiology in 1899. In 1902 he was called to fill a similar chair at the University of California. In 1910 Loeb moved to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York, where he headed a department created for him where he remained until his death. Much of Loeb's major research was concerned with plant and animal tropisms (involuntary movements in response to stimuli such as light, water, and gravity). Loeb spent his summers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. It was there that Loeb performed his most famous experiment, on artificial parthenogenesis. Loeb was able to cause the eggs of sea urchins to begin embryonic development without sperm. Loeb became one of the most famous scientists in America, widely covered in newspapers and magazines. Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won. While on vacation in Bermuda, Loeb suffered from angina and died in 1924. He was 64.