Entitled "Sheol" by Joseph Ferdinand Keppler (1838-1894), centerfold from Puck Magazine, vol. 17, no. 429, pub. May 27, 1885. Historical figures enjoying the pleasant atmosphere of Sheol after suffering the flames of Hell; at left is a dejected Devil sitting beneath a sign that states "This Business is Removed to Sheol, Opposite". Among those ferried across the river by Charon are Hypatia, Fanny Elssler, Voltaire, Frederick the Great, Socrates, Jacques Offenbach, Charles Darwin, John Stuart Mill, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, George Sand, Galileo, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Heinrich Heine. Sheol, in Hebrew, means a grave or pit, the place where the dead gathered. It was located beneath the earth, perhaps at the roots of mountains. The dead were thought to lead a conscious shadowy existence there, they were not in torment, but had neither hope nor satisfaction. The inhabitants of Sheol were shades (rephaim), entities without personality or strength, cut off from God. In some texts, Sheol is the home of both the righteous and the wicked, separated into respective compartments; in others, it was a place of punishment, meant for the wicked dead alone.