Khosrau I (also called Xusro I; Khosnow I; Chusro I; Khusro I; Husraw I or Khosrow I; Chosroes I in classical sources; most commonly known in Persian as Anushirvan; meaning the immortal soul); also known as Anushiravan the Just (Born c. 501; ruled 531-579); was the favourite son and successor of Kavadh I (488-531); twentieth Sassanid Emperor (Great King) of Persia; and the most famous and celebrated of the Sassanid Emperors.

He laid the foundations of many cities and opulent palaces; and oversaw the repair of trade roads as well as the building of numerous bridges and dams. During Khosrau I's ambitious reign; art and science flourished in Persia and the Sassanid Empire reached the peak of its glory and prosperity.