The Boxer Rebellion; also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement; was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" in China between 1898 and 1901; opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.

The uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China; with grievances ranging from opium traders; political invasion; economic manipulation; to missionary evangelism. In China; popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences; and anger rose over the "unequal treaties"; which the weak Qing state could not resist.

Concerns grew that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage; appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests.