Cilia-based cancer treatment research. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging of a human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell, showing the ciliary membrane and ciliary pocket. Understanding the mechanisms regulating transport of signalling molecules to and from the cilia is important for developing drugs targeted against ciliary-associated cancer pathways. The ciliary membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane through a specialized pocket-like membrane referred to as the ciliary pocket. The membrane reshaping protein EHD1 (green) specifically accumulates at the ciliary pocket membrane while the Hedgehog pathways receptor Smoothened localizes to the ciliary membrane (red). The base of the cilia is marked by the mother centriole distal appendage protein CEP164 (pink) and nuclei (blue).