Cilia-based cancer treatment research. Fluorescence light micrograph of a cluster of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells (red) displaying primary cilia (blue). Defects in ciliary formation and function are linked to several human diseases, including cancer. The mechanism involves signal transduction pathways via cilia, allowing molecules inside a cell to be altered by molecules on the outside. The cilia have been imaged here by a technique called epifluorescence. The cells were serum-starved for 24 hours before imaging to induce cilia formation. The colours show: anti-acetylated tubulin (blue), EHD1 (green, ciliary pocket), centrosomes (red, anti-Cep164) and cell nuclei (dark red).