Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo - Herzog von Alba - Don Fernando 翼varez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba (Spanish: Don Fernando 翼varez de Toledo y Pimentel, tercer duque de Alba) (October 29, 1507 - December 11, 1582) was a Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands (1567-1573), nicknamed "the Iron Duke" by Protestants of the Low Countries because of his harsh rule and cruelty. Tales of atrocities committed during his military operations in Flanders became part of Dutch and English folklore, forming a new and central component of the Black Legend. 固opFoto