Bulgaria; village of Gigen: stone building Frova (3rd century AD); part of Roman military camp outside city walls of antique Roman city Ulpia Oescus; archeological area Ulpia Oescus; background Ulpia Oescus (Gigen village; Bulgaria): This important Roman settlement in Pleven district; once part of Roman province of Moesia Inferior; was built near the confluence of rivers Iskar and Danube and an old Thracian village. Today; river Iskar is 300 m away from the archeological area; its confluence with Danube even 5 km in distance. Thanks to swampy ground and change of direction; the Danube chose in recent centuries. First city buildings were erected during the campaign of Emperor Trajan 106 - 109 AD in the ruins of the permanent camp of V Macedonian Legion; which was established here as soon as 10 AD. Outside the ruins of the Roman city walls; there are still visible remains of the stone-and soil-defense wall of the legion's camp; built 71 - 101 AD. After 271 AD; the legion returned to this place and built a second fortified city system (Oescus II). Thanks to the second name of Trajan; Ulpius; and numerous retired legionnaires; settling in this flourishing urban habitat; Oescus upgraded as Colonia Ulpia Oescensium in 167 AD. Now; it was one of the rare 150 Roman colonial cities; honored with highest Roman rights; and protected the Danube limes road as well as the important military road to today's Plovdiv (once Greek Philippopolis and Latin Trimontium); which passed on the way the road station and later on mighty fortress of Storgosia (in today's Pleven).Still today; the majestic ruins of the once 280 000 m?city area show the richness during time of Antonines and Severans dynasties. Near the entrance area; one may admire administrative buildings and a perfectly reconstructed Roman well in front of a major complex; once used as public bath. Archeological researches started in 1904/05. Further campaigns have identified three public baths (thermae) and brought to day li