Dental malocclusion. A malocclusion is misalignment between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws as they close. Malocclusion is caused by a number of factors. It may be an inherited condition, or the upper and lower jaws may be different sizes. Crowding of the teeth in the mouth may also cause the condition. Braces may be used to correct the position of the teeth. Extraction of some teeth may also be required if there is overcrowding. In extreme cases surgery to lengthen or shorten the jawbones may be necessary.