Aim矇 Argand (1755-1803), or Francois Pierre Ami Argand, Swiss physicist and chemist who revolutionised conventional oil lamps by producing the first scientifically designed oil burning lamp, patented in England in 1784. The Argand lamp consisted of a cylindrical wick positioned between two concentric metal tubes so that air was supplied to both inside and outside of the circular flame. The addition of a circular glass chimney created a greater draught and a steadier flame.It was manufactured by Matthew Boulton and was five to ten times brighter than a candle. Argand type lamps eventually became the standard source of illumination in homes, shops and public buildings throughout Europe and was much used in lighthouses.