Between Kabul and Bamiyan (the southern route), Shahr-e-Zohak (Red city). Ruins archaeologists believe dates as early as the 6th Century A.D. A fortress was built atop the red cliffs to protect the entrance to the city of Bamiyan during the reign of the Shansabani King in the 12-13th Centuries AD. Withstood an attack led by Genghis Khan's grandson in 1221, he was wounded and Genghis Khan took revenge on the Bamiyan valley.