Chromosomes. Computer artwork of chromosomes with a grid pattern in the background. The X- shaped chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of genes. The chromosome consists of two strands (chromatids) joined in a region known as the centromere (pink diamond) at the centre of the X. Chromosomes are capable of making exact copies of themselves while the cell is resting between successive cell divisions. When chromosomes divide, the centromere splits longitudinally to create two separate chromatids. Apart from the sex cells, every human cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from the father and 23 from the mother.