Visual system for the blind. Electro-tactile pad for the TVSS (Tactile Vision Substitution System). TVSS was first developed by Professor Paul Bach- Y-Rita in 1972, and modern versions have since been designed. Input from a video camera (not seen) is converted into output to an electro- tactile pad on the tongue (as here), or to a vibro-tactile back pad. The pad is pixellated and tingles the tongue, allowing the blind person to see by 'touch at a distance'. A key part of this technology is the brain's ability to interpret new sensations.