Linus Pauling (1901-1994), US chemist and double Nobel Laureate. Pauling was educated in Oregon, and later at the California Institute of Technology. He made major contributions to most areas of chemistry, starting with new insights into the nature of chemical bonds. In the 1930s he worked mainly on X-ray studies of the shapes of amino acids and peptides. Much of this work was to be a key in the discovery of the structural replication of DNA by Crick and Watson. Some of his theories have been more controversial, such as his ideas on the efficacy of high Vitamin C consumption. Pauling won the 1954 Nobel Prize for Chemistry and the 1962 Prize for Peace.