Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell (1886- 1957), British physicist. Born at Baden-Baden, Germany, Lindemann was brought up in England, but went to university at Berlin and Paris. In 1914 he became director of the Experimental Physics Station at Farnborough. There he developed the mathematical theory of the aircraft spin, and tested his theory in flight himself. In 1919 he was appointed professor of experimental philosophy at Oxford. He was a close friend of Winston Churchill, and was appointed his scientific adviser in 1940, one of the most influential posts at the time. He was created a baron in the following year.