Portrait of Howard Florey (1898-1968), Australian pathologist and Nobel Laureate. Florey was educated in Adelaide, Australia, but came to the UK to study at both Oxford and later Cambridge. In 1934 he became professor of pathology at Oxford, and started research into antibacterials. Penicillin had been discovered by Fleming in 1928, and Florey and his team concentrated on this. By 1941 they had isolated enough to try out on 9 patients, with astounding success. Large-scale production moved to the USA due to the war, soon large quantities of penicillin became generally available. Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize with his assistant, Chain, and with Fleming.