Frederick William Herschel (November 1738 - 25th August 1822) steel engraving 1833 \Gallery of Portraits\" by Schriven after J. Russel 1790. Astronomer famous for discovering Uranus and two of its major moons, two moons of Saturn, and infrared radiation. He constructed more than 400 telescopes during his career, with the largest being a reflecting telescope with a 1.26 meter primary mirror and a 12 meter focal length. He catalogued nebulae and discovered that binary stars were not simply optical doubles, showing that Newton's laws extended beyond our solar system. He was able to show that our solar system is itself moving through space and the Galaxy is disc shaped. His more bizarre speculations included a belief that every planet was inhabited, (even the Sun, with giant headed creatures that moved below the atmosphere causing sunspots!). His son John also became a famous astronomer."