Paraceratherium. Artwork of a female Paraceratherium and her young in what is now northwest China, 30 million years ago during the Rupelian Stage of the Oligocene Epoch. Paraceratherium is an extinct mammal that lived in Asia during the late Oligocene and early Miocene period, 30-25 million years ago. Related to the modern rhinoceros, it was a herbivore feeding on the leaves of tall trees. It is the largest known land mammal ever to have lived, measuring around 5 metres tall at the shoulder and weighing 15 tonnes. At bottom left is a Palaeolagus, an extinct animal related modern hares and rabbits, and at bottom right is a Palaeosciurus, the earliest known ground squirrel.