Mary I, Queen of England and Ireland (1516-1558). Mary Tudor was the eldest daughter of Henry VIII and the only child of Catherine of Aragon. She was removed form the succession when Henry annulled his marriage to Catherine, an action which precipitated the split from the Catholic Church. In 1547 Henry was succeeded by his only son, Edward VI, but six years later he died and Mary, readmitted by the Act of Succession, became Queen. Mary, a devout Catholic, re-established the Roman Church in what had become an Anglican country. She persecuted the Protestants, 284 were executed for heresy, most by burning at the stake. This earned her the name 'Bloody Mary'. She died in 1558 and was succeeded by her sister, Elizabeth I who re-established the Protestant Church. This woodcut comes from van Opmeer's Opus chronographicum orbis universi, published at Antwerp in 1611.