Human postures, historical artwork. The images show an outline of the shape of the body in four postures; standing, bowing, stooping and squatting. The main bends of the body are labelled: the neck is a, the thoracic (chest) spine is b, the lumbar (lower) back is c, the pelvis is d, the hips are e and the knees are f. These six bends are shown to be evenly balanced on either side of the centre of gravity (vertical line). This holds true in all of the postures. The artwork was published in The Human Foot And The Human Hand, by G M Humphrey, in 1861.