Tuberculosis pneumonia. X-ray of the chest of a 46 year old HIV positive patient with pneumonia (light regions, centre left) caused by tuberculosis (TB). Pneumonia is the infection and inflammation of the lung, causing it to fill with fluid. It is a rare complication of TB infection, mostly affecting children and people with damaged immune systems like those with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The bacteria create primary tubercles, nodular lesions of dead tissue and bacteria, when inhaled into the lungs. Symptoms include fever, weight loss and the coughing up of blood. Treatment is with long-term antibiotics.