Hermann Carl Vogel (1841-1907), German astronomer. His many awards include the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1893), the Prussian Order of Merit (1895), and the Bruce Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (1906). Vogel studied astronomy at university in Leipzig and Jena. He worked at the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory and was its director from 1882-1907. He was mainly involved in spectroscopic analysis. His most important work was measuring Doppler shifts to determine the radial velocities of stars, but he also used the technique to confirm the binary nature of the star Algol. Craters on the Moon and Mars are named after him.