Emmanuel Swedenborg. Engraving of Emmanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), Swedish scientist and philosopher. He studied mathematics at Uppsala before travelling around Europe for 5 years. He devised a method of measuring longitude by making observations of the Moon. From 1715 he began a study of mining and manufacturing in Eur- ope and subsequently introduced improved methods to Sweden. In 1719 he was the first to show that the coast of Sweden was rising. From 1734 he wrote about a wide range of scientific theories, introducing many novel ideas but not proving them through experimentation. From 1750 Swedenborg wrote philosophical and religious works.