Fragment of a kinase molecule, computer model. Kinases, also known as phosphotransferases, are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of phosphate groups from a high-energy phosphate-containing molecule (such as ATP or ADP) to an organic molecule. This target molecule is called the substrate and the whole process is known as phosphorylation. The fragment is colour-coded: blue represents the amino acids alanine, lysine and arginine, and the red represents everything else.